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<title>Net (device)</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Net (device)</span></span>

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<p>A <b>net</b> comprises <a href="Thread_(yarn)" title="Thread (yarn)">threads</a> or <a href="Yarn" title="Yarn">yarns</a> knotted and twisted into a grid-like structure which blocks the passage of large items, while letting small items and fluids pass. It requires less material than something sheet-like, and provides a degree of <a href="Transparency_and_translucency" title="Transparency and translucency">transparency</a>, as well as flexibility and lightness.

</p><p>Nets have been constructed by human beings since at least the <a href="Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a> period for use in capturing or retaining things. Their open structure provide lightness and flexibility that allow them to be carried and manipulated with relative ease, making them valuable for methodical tasks such as hunting, fishing, sleeping, and carrying.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>The oldest nets found are from the <a href="Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a> era, but nets may have existed in the <a href="Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic era.</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nets are typically made of perishable materials and leave little archeological record. Some nets are preserved in ice or <a href="Bog" title="Bog">bogs</a>, and there are also <a href="Use_of_animals_during_the_Gravettian_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Use of animals during the Gravettian period">clay impressions of nets</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Making_and_repairing_nets">Making and repairing nets</h2></div>

<p>Originally, all nets were made by hand. Construction begins from a single point for round nets such as purse nets, net bags, or hair nets, but square nets are usually started from a headrope.<sup id="cite_ref-finniwig_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finniwig-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A line is tied to the headrope at regular intervals, forming a series of loops. This can be done using <a href="Slipped_knot" class="mw-redirect" title="Slipped knot">slipped</a> <a href="Overhand_knot" title="Overhand knot">overhand knots</a> or other knots, such as <a href="Clove_hitch" title="Clove hitch">clove hitches</a>. Subsequent rows are then worked using <a href="Sheet_bend" title="Sheet bend">sheet bends</a>, as shown in the diagram, or another knot. Some nets, such as <a href="Hammocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Hammocks">hammocks</a>, may be looped rather than knotted.

</p><p>To avoid hauling a long length of loose twine through each knot, the twine is wound onto a netting shuttle or netting needle. This must be done correctly to prevent it twisting as it is used,<sup id="cite_ref-finniwig_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finniwig-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but makes net production much faster. A gauge – often a smooth stick – is used to keep the loops the same size and the mesh even. The first and last rows are generally made using a half-size gauge, so that the edges of the net will be smooth. There are also knot-free nets.

</p><p>Some nets are still shaped by their end users,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although nets are now often knotted by machine.

</p><p>When a hole is ripped in a net, there are fewer holes in it than before the net was ripped. However, the <a href="Stress_concentration" title="Stress concentration">stress concentration</a> at the edges of the hole often causes it to tear further, making timely repairs important. Mending nets by hand is still an important skill for those who work with them.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Materials">Materials</h2></div>

<p>Nets may be made using almost any sort of fiber. Traditional net materials varied with what was locally available; early European fishing nets were often made of <a href="Linen" title="Linen">linen</a>, for instance. Longer-lasting synthetics are now fairly universal. <a href="Nylon" title="Nylon">Nylon</a> monofilament nets are transparent, and are therefore often used for fishing and trapping.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structural_properties">Structural properties</h2></div>

<p>Nets, like fabric, stretch less along their constituent strands (the "bars" between knots) than diagonally across the gaps in the mesh. They are, so to speak, made <a href="Grain_(textile)#Bias" title="Grain (textile)">on the bias</a>. The choice of material used also affects the structural properties of the net. Nets are designed and constructed for their specific purpose by modifying the parameters of the weave and the material used. <a href="Safety_net" title="Safety net">Safety nets</a>, for example, must decelerate the person hitting them gradually, usually by having a concave-upwards <a href="Stress%E2%80%93strain_curve" title="Stress–strain curve">stress–strain curve</a>, where the amount of force required to stretch the net increases the further the net is stretched.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3></div>

<p>Examples include <a href="Cargo_net" title="Cargo net">cargo nets</a> and net bags. Some vegetables, like onions, are often shipped in nets.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div>

<p>Nets are used in sporting <a href="Goal_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Goal (sport)">goals</a> and in games such as <a href="Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">soccer</a>, <a href="Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a>, <a href="Bossaball" title="Bossaball">bossaball</a> and <a href="Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a>. A net separates opponents in various <a href="Net_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Net sports">net sports</a> such as <a href="Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a>, <a href="Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>, <a href="Badminton" title="Badminton">badminton</a>, and <a href="Table_tennis" title="Table tennis">table tennis</a>, where the ball or shuttlecock must go over the net to remain in play. A net also may be used for safety during practice, as in <a href="Cricket_nets" title="Cricket nets">cricket</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capturing_animals">Capturing animals</h3></div>

<p>Nets for capturing animals include <a href="Fishing_net" title="Fishing net">fishing nets</a>, <a href="Butterfly_net" title="Butterfly net">butterfly nets</a>, <a href="Bird_netting" title="Bird netting">bird netting</a>, and <a href="Trapping" title="Trapping">trapping</a> nets such as purse and long nets. Some, like <a href="Mist_net" title="Mist net">mist nets</a>, <a href="Rocket_net" title="Rocket net">rocket nets</a>, and <a href="Netgun" class="mw-redirect" title="Netgun">netguns</a>, are designed not to harm the animals caught. Camouflage nets may also be used.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Furnishings">Furnishings</h3></div>

<p><a href="Hammock" title="Hammock">Hammocks</a>, <a href="Safety_net" title="Safety net">safety nets</a>, and <a href="Mosquito_nets" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosquito nets">mosquito nets</a> are net-based. Some furniture includes a net stretched on a frame. Multihull boats may have net trampolines strung between their hulls.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clothing">Clothing</h3></div>

<p>Hair nets, net lace, and <a href="Needlerun_net" title="Needlerun net">net embroidery</a> are sartorial nets.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armed_conflict">Armed conflict</h3></div>

<p><a href="Anti-submarine_net" title="Anti-submarine net">Anti-submarine nets</a> and anti-torpedo nets can be laid by <a href="Net_laying_ship" title="Net laying ship">net-laying ships</a>.

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<ul><li><a href="Net_(textile)" title="Net (textile)">Net (textile)</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFMartin_Trachsel2008" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Martin Trachsel (2008), <i>Ur- und Frühgeschichte: Quellen, Methoden, Ziele</i> (in German), UTB, p. 56, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>3-8252-8369-0</bdi></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130603000000/youtube.com/watch?v=IqJW7B7xcKI">"Fishing nets for a future: helping Syrian women in Lebanon"</a>. <i>webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqJW7B7xcKI">the original</a> on 2013-06-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-08</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-finniwig-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-finniwig_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-finniwig_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.finniwig.com/netinst.htm">Netting instructions</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fisheriescircle.com/files/Fiskericirklen/Fagboger/PDFer/Fishing%20gears/Fishing%20gears%20kap-3.pdf">Net making</a> (and repair) guide for commercial fishing nets.</span>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-03-19" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Net_(device)&oldid=1281277601">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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